Kuambua kwa mkupuo

 

Kuambua kwa mkupuo

Translation: To profit by instalment. Or profiting in each single go.

Ambo - gum, glue, any sticky substance.

Ambo - contagious disease.

The applicative of this noun ‘ambo’ would be ‘amba’. The reversive of ‘amba’ is ‘ambua’.

Ambua – 1. peel off, shed, decorticate; slough off: ambua gome - peel off the bark; ambua ngozi - shed skin.
2. profit from something

Mbwa - dog:  mbwa koko - stray dog, cur; mbwa wa kuwindia sungura - harrier; mbwa mkubwa wa kuwindia - hound; Kiongozi wa wa kuwindia - hurdle/alpha dog.

The Harrier is a prey-driven pack dog of medium size first bred in medieval England to chase hares/rabbits.

Mbwabwajo - 1 nonsensical talk. 2 bubbling out. Opposite of amba

Amba - say, explain, talk: Waambaje? what do you say?

Etymology:

From Proto-Bantu *-gàmba (“to speak, to answer”).

Malagasy language

Amboa - dog

Etymology:

Borrowed from Kiswahili ‘mbwa’.

Malagasy is unusual among the Austronesian languages in that all its words for 'dog' are loanwords, derived from Bantu languages. All the dogs in Madagascar are descended from dogs from mainland Africa. The initial Austronesian settlers of Madagascar certainly would have brought dogs with them, but these dogs may not have survived the voyage to Madagascar.

English language

The word is characteristically used as ‘amba’ (plural ambas) to mean mountain.

Etymology:

Amharic ዐምባ (ʿämba)

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Amba (landform)

A characteristic landform in Ethiopia(Abyssinia): a steep-sided, flat-topped mountain, often the site of a settlement.

Italian language

The word is characteristically used as ‘amba’ (plural ambe) to mean mountain.

Etymology 1:

Borrowed from Amharic አምባ (ʾämba).

(geology) a characteristic landform in Ethiopia(Abyssinia), consisting of a steep-sided, flat-topped mountain

Etymology 2:

amba (plural ambe)

(usually in the plural) circumlocution, periphrasis. This means talking in circles.

Synonyms: (formal) circonlocuzione, (colloquial) giro di parole, perifrasi

In Roman mythology, Remus and Romulus are twin brothers whose story tells of the events that led to the founding of the city of Rome and the Roman Kingdom by Romulus, following his fratricide of Remus. The image of a dog suckling the twins in their infancy has been a symbol of the city of Rome and the ancient Romans since at least the 3rd century BC.

According to dictionary.com, it is claimed that the word ‘dog’ presents a mystery, and that linguists have not identified its roots, nor any English words related to it. The same goes for several other animal-related words, including pig, hog, and stag.

In English language, the word ‘hound’, which came from the Old English ‘hund’, was the word for all domestic canines. Dog was just used to refer to a subgroup of hounds especially the English mastiff. The English Mastiff, as well as other breeds that derive from these types of dogs or that are closely related, are descended from the Alpine mastiff of the Italian alps. According to Wynn, M. B. (1886) "In 1829 a vast light brindle dog of the old Alpine mastiff breed, named L'Ami, was brought from the convent of Great St. Bernard area, and exhibited in London and Liverpool as the largest dog in England." Great St. Bernard is a mountainous area in the Italian alps. Many of these Italian hounds were imported into Britain and gradually renamed ‘dog’, probably in reference to Italian Doges. The Alpine mastiff itself was descended from Greek molossers, which are “flock-guardian dogs” used to shepherd flocks of sheep.

Venice

Venice is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. The name is derived from the ancient Veneti people who inhabited the region by the 10th century BC. The city was historically the capital of the Republic of Venice for almost a millennium, from 810 to 1797. It was a major financial and maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto, as well as an important centre of commerce—especially silk, grain, and spice, and of art from the 13th century to the end of the 17th. The city-state of Venice is considered to have been the first real international financial centre, emerging in the 9th century and reaching its greatest prominence in the 14th century.

The Republic of Venice was ruled by the Doge, who was elected by members of the Great Council of Venice, the city-state's parliament, and ruled for life. Other Italian republics to have Doges were Genoa, Pisa, Amalfi and the small town of Senarica. The ruling class was an oligarchy of merchants and Venetian aristocrats. Venice and other Italian maritime republics played a key role in fostering capitalism. Venetian citizens generally supported the system of governance. The city-state enforced strict laws and employed ruthless tactics in its prisons.

Its own strategic position at the head of the Adriatic made Venetian naval and commercial power almost invulnerable. With the elimination of pirates along the Dalmatian coast, the city became a flourishing trade centre between Western Europe and the rest of the Eurasian world, especially with the Byzantine Empire and Asia, where its navy protected sea routes against piracy. The Republic of Venice seized a number of places on the eastern shores of the Adriatic before 1200, mostly for commercial reasons, because pirates based there were a menace to trade. The Doge already possessed the titles of Doge of Dalmatia and Doge of Istria.

Venice remained closely associated with Constantinople, being twice granted trading privileges in the Eastern Roman Empire, through the so-called golden bulls or "chrysobulls", in return for aiding the Eastern Empire to resist Norman and Ottoman-Turkish incursions. In the first chrysobull, Venice acknowledged its homage to the empire; but not in the second, reflecting the decline of Byzantium and the rise of Venice's power as well as expansion of Ottoman-Turkish conquest into Anatolia.

The trade to India became a rising point of contention between the Latin states and ottoman empire. On the route along the red sea, the Latin Christian states set up a satellite Christian state called Abyssinia which evolved from Greco-christian Aksum kingdom that had overthrown the Indigenous African Dʿmt Kingdom. Due to its ties with the Greco-Roman world, Aksum adopted Christianity as the state religion in the mid-4th century, under Ezana of Axum. Following Christianization of the area, the Aksumites stopped construction of stelae and obelisks that were a feature of the previous indigenous Dʿmt Kingdom. Aksumites later formed Abyssinia after expansion. The Islamic Ottoman empire simultaneously set up the satellite Ifat sultanante, later Adal sultanate, on the southeastern borders of Abyssinia. Christian and Muslim Eurasia set up these satellite states to secure themselves along this Red sea trade-route which terminated in Ottoman Egypt and went over-land to the Mediterranean. This over-land passage of Egypt was very insecure due to the presence of thugs and kidnappers.

Nevertheless, Christian Abyssinia hardly received much Christian support and was usually portrayed as a mythical “kingdom of prester john” populated by hermits deeply absorbed in religion. The Christians instead literally looked for a way around this route through the funding of Portuguese maritime explorations to India via the southern seas. This received great motivation after the successful rounding of “cape of good hope” at the southern tip of Africa. This proved it was possible to go round and northeast to India. This reduced the relevance of the costly Abyssinia and Adal route towards trade in India and made the east coast of Africa and Indian ocean islands more important to them. The major conflict between Christian Portugal and Islamic Ottoman-Turkey transferred to these areas with notable series of wars in places like Malindi and Mombasa (notoriously called “Mvita” in those days, meaning “place of war”). Through time, the rogue environment plagued by thugs and pirates in the “middle east” area was brought under control with the gradual weakening of the Ottoman empire due to its reduced relevance. The Suez canal was then constructed across this route, bringing it back to importance in world trade. The Suez canal necessitated the establishment of Israel, opposite Islamic Egypt with the Suez Canal hypothetically in-between, with Israel securing Christian interests and Egypt securing Islamic interests along that trade-route bottleneck. The other Red sea bottleneck at present-day Djibouti harbors military bases of a variety of major powers in the world and it styles itself as being a hub for military base renting, for which its economy depends. Military bases are cheaper to maintain and easier to control for the sake of trade-route guarding.

This is the case of trade-route guarding at geographical capes, gulfs and isthmuses.

References

amba in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

amba in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication

Burns, Robert I (1980). "Piracy as an Islamic-Christian Interface in the Thirteenth Century". Viator.

Coispeau, Olivier (2016). Finance Masters: A brief history of international financial centers in the last millennium. World Scientific.

Guida Italia: Abruzzo Molise (4th ed.). Milan: Touring Club Italiano. 1979 [1926].

Hammer, Michael B. (2017). The Dot On the I In History: Of Gentiles and Jews—a Hebrew Odyssey Scrolling the Internet. Morrisville: Lulu Publishing Services.

Richard S. Charnock (1859). Local Etymology: A derivative dictionary of geographical names

TUKI (2001), Kamusi Ya Kiswahili-Kiingereza; Swahili-English Dictionary. Published by Taasisi ya Uchunguzi wa Kiswahili (TUKI), Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Wynn, M. B. (1886). "The history of the mastiff, gathered from sculpture, pottery, carving, paintings, and engravings; also from various authors, with remarks on the same". Melton Mowbray William Loxley.